SPIE is the international society for optics and photonics founded in 1955 to advance light-based technologies and to advance an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light. Serving more than 264,000 constituents from 166 countries, the Society advances emerging technologies through interdisciplinary information exchange, continuing education, publications, patent precedent, and career and professional growth. SPIE annually organizes and sponsors approximately 25 major technical conferences and exhibitions around the world including SPIE Photonics West and SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing. SPIE publishes the SPIE Digital Library, containing more than 450,000 research papers from the Proceedings of SPIE and the Society’s 10 scholarly journals with 18,000 new papers added each year. Included are more than 250 eBooks encompassing tutorial texts, special topics, and Field Guides. SPIE also publishes a wide variety of open-access content.